Our loosely organized book reading club meets tomorrow night for the second time. This year we may be called the “BBC” – Bonhoeffer Book Club – because all our readings are being done in the German pastor/theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. We went through his Letters and Papers from Prison and now we are working our way through The Cost of Discipleship (first published in German in 1937; first English edition appeared in 1948). It has been a number of years since I read this title. I believe it was assigned to a class I had at Calvin College back in the late 1970′s. But I remember being impressed with it then, and I am more so now.
And because 35 plus years have gone by, my perspective has changed. Reading it then I was struck by the call he makes to costly discipleship (really the theme of the book). This is the “costly grace” of which he wrote, which he believed the church in his day had thrown away for a form of “cheap grace” – a grace without repentance, without godliness, without sacrifice, and therefore without true commitment to Jesus Christ. Here in his own words is how he describes this “cheap grace”:
Cheap grace is the preaching of forgiveness without requiring repentance, baptism without church discipline, Communion without confession, absolution without personal confession. Cheap grace is grace without discipleship, grace without the cross, grace without Jesus Christ, living and incarnate (p.36).
In contrast to that, Bonhoeffer said the following about “costly grace”:
Costly grace is the gospel which must be sought again and again….
Such grace is costly because it calls us to follow, and it is grace because it calls us to follow Jesus Christ. It is costly because it costs a man his life, and it is grace because it gives a man the only true life. It is costly because it condemns sin, and grace because it justifies the sinner. Above all, it is costly because it cost God the life of his Son: ‘ye were bought at a price’, and what has cost God much cannot be cheap for us. Above all, it is grace because God did not reckon his Son too dear a price to pay for our life, but delivered him up for us. Costly grace is the Incarnation of God.
…Costly grace confronts us with a gracious call to follow Jesus, it comes as a word of forgiveness to the broken spirit and the contrite heart. Grace is costly because it compels a man to submit to the yoke of Christ and follow him; it is grace because Jesus says: ‘My yoke is easy and my burden is light’ (p.37).
That distinction – indeed great gulf! – between cheap grace and costly grace still strikes me, and is a much-needed message in our own day. And when it comes to this call of Bonhoeffer, most modern Reformed and evangelical Christians give a hearty “amen”. But what strikes me even more now as I read The Cost is the call Bonhoeffer makes to live the antithesis, that spiritual separation between the believer and the ungodly world and between the church and the unbelieving world. Repeatedly throughout this book he chastises the church and the professing Christian for giving in to the spirit and ways of the world, all the while claiming to be following Christ. And repeatedly he calls the church and the believer to live the life of spiritual difference from the wicked world. Not indeed, world-flight, but world-fight! Living In the world, we live not OF the world. That too is costly grace.
And that makes me think about “common grace” too. It seems to me that many Reformed and evangelical Christians do not want to take this part of Bonhoeffer’s call in The Cost. I mean his call to live the antithesis. Because they have this “sacred cow” called “common grace”, which no one may touch and no one may sacrifice. Abraham Kuyper with all his supposed “wisdom and wonder” about “transforming” culture by common grace gets all the attention, while Bonhoeffer with his call to spiritual separation gets left on the shelf – at least on this part of his teaching. I ask you, which is the cheap grace and which is the costly grace? I think you can guess where I am in this, and where I believe Bonhoeffer was. But more on this tomorrow, D.V. I’ll have some more quotes on the antithesis then.